Reviews with content warning for Murder - Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619-2019

I'm a little conflicted with my rating here because I definitely think this a book I would like everyone to make time for, but I struggled to get through it, for a handful of reasons.

I listened to the audiobook, and while I've heard others praise this edition highly — and it was awesome to hear so many different Black voices — I just don't think this format was the right one for me to take in this material. Admittedly, I wasn't in the best mood while listening to most of it — which definitely didn't help given the subject matter — but I struggled to focus and gel with some of the chapters, especially a lot of the earlier ones.

I go back and forth between thinking the book was incredible because of its breadth and variety and thinking it was trying to pack in almost too much that I've left it not really remembering any details, which is what I went into the book hoping for. Again, this could be because I listened to the book as opposed to reading the words from a page.

I was a big fan of the structure — 10 parts spanning 40 years and each chapter spanning 5 — and it was fascinating travelling bit by bit from the 17th Century all the way to the present day. I also appreciated the occasional poems mixed in with the essays!

I think I might have preferred a series of books in a very similar style, but with some of the essays going more in depth, and perhaps them having a little bit more of a narrative thread through them.

All in all, a book that's definitely worth your time! My rating is heavily based on my personal enjoyment in the moment.

Note: Around 75% in, there's a chapter on Zora Neale Hurston. I skipped most of it for fear of spoilers of Their Eyes Were Watching God.

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talonsontypewriters's review against another edition

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challenging emotional informative reflective medium-paced

5.0

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stevia333k's review against another edition

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dark informative fast-paced

5.0

This anthology gives me a lot of topics to further look up. Oppression is heartbreaking but I liked how this history took pains to show how things got layered upon layered some melting quicker than others because a lot of histiography tends to act like the time dimension doesn't exist and that things are eternal. Like yeah, we were always bad off but there's been many slow creeps towards fascism, like revolution & counterrevolution. I'm marginalized but I'm white, so I'm feeling awkward about using the pronoun we, but still.

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sydapel's review against another edition

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challenging informative reflective medium-paced

5.0

I usually don't rate the anti-racist books I read, but holy shit was this the most impactful thing I've read this year, and I haven't seen it talked about nearly enough. It's so uniquely structured and powerfully written, and more than any other book I've read made me directly confront the white supremacy rooted in this country's history. It's long, but so worth your time.

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mydearwatsonbooks's review against another edition

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gabi_tron's review against another edition

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challenging emotional hopeful informative reflective medium-paced

5.0

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sherbertwells's review

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adventurous challenging informative reflective medium-paced

3.0

“The hero of this drama is Black people. All Black People. The free Blacks; the uncloaked maroons; the Black elite; the preachers and reverends; the doormen and doctors; the sharecroppers and soldiers—they are all protagonists in our epic adventure.

Spoiler alert: the hero of this story does not die.

Ever” (235)

In the century to come, I wonder whether academics will attribute a specific style to the nonfiction of the early 21st century. Modern-day readers can recognize turn-of-the-century Communist propaganda at first glance. We know what an 18th-century pamphlet is supposed to sound like. But we don’t see the literature of our own time the same way; we recognize the stylistic choices of individuals, not generations. Is our current perspective unadulterated by the obfuscating lens of the historian? Or is it merely unrefined?

The solution to this question can only be found by carefully considering a quiver of contemporary writers, such are found in Four Hundred Souls, a recent anthology from historians Ibram X. Kendi (I’ve reviewed his Stamped from the Beginning here) and Keisha N. Blain. Subtitled A Community History of African America, 1619-2019, this collection displays the work of 92 Black academics, journalists and poets. Each author is given a five-year period in American history to cover, starting with the arrival of enslaved people in 1619 and ending with the Black Lives Matter movement. At the end of every 40 years is a poem commemorating the achievement and suffering of African-Americans during that period.

Most of the essays are less than five pages each, so the extraordinary one fly by. Some of my favorite essays are: “The Middle Passage” by Mary E. Hicks, which discusses the lives of West African mariners “on the margins of the infamous [slave] trade” (67), “The Selling of Joseph” by Brandon R. Byrd, “Maroons and Marronage” by Sylviane A. Diouf, “Phillis Wheatley” by Alexis Pauline Gumbs, “Cotton” by Kiese Laymon, a personal recollection, “Atlanta” by Tera W. Hunter, “John Wayne Niles” by William A. Darity, Jr., “The Hip-Hop Generation” by Bakari Kitwana and “Anita Hill” by Salamishah Tillet. My favorite poem was Patricia Smith’s “Coiled and Unleashed,” which reads like a violent and beautiful birth. Before I picked up Four Hundred Souls, Smith and many other brilliant authors in the collection were unfamiliar to me.

“When we are creating a shared history, what we remember is just as revelatory as what we forget” (4)

Luckily not every author is a stranger: Angela Davis is here, as are Isabelle Wilkerson and the poet Jericho Brown. I was especially excited to see Keeyanga Yamhatta-Taylor, who works in the same field as my mother, writing about property ownership and “urban renewal” in 1970s Chicago. The promotion of Black academics like her is a powerful tool against the erasure of Black history, and the sheer number of voices in this anthology creates a very useful source for examining the nuances of contemporary antiracist literature.

Four Hundred Souls is not a monolith, but once you start looking, it’s easy to find commonalities between its 80-odd essays. Some begin with a personal memory or an interview with the descendent of a famous individual. Others quote liberally from Donald Trump and make observations about the state of America between 2016 and 2020. Many essays juxtapose cool, academic detail (“Between 1715 and 1763...only 16 out of 636 British slavers ported in New York”) with earnest imagination (“The shame and humiliation that enslated people suffered remained plainly visible in their tears and in the silent screams of their eyes”) in order to reinforce the urgency of their message (88). This technique isn’t dishonest, exactly, but once you’ve seen it twenty times in the same book it feels more like a rhetorical gimmick than a profound statement of feeling.

Because I only ended up liking some of the essays in Four Hundred Souls, I can’t swear by the whole collection. But that fact only demonstrates how many different voices have contributed to it. Rather than a definitive history, the book should be treated as a reading list. If you encounter a topic that you want to learn more about, look up the author’s other works and start there. In my case, I found the depiction of Reconstruction-era urban life particularly interesting, and can’t wait to see where the next book takes me!

Four Hundred Souls is a two-way gate. It leads the modern reader into a grave and mysterious labyrinth, whose turns are marked with the names of heroes and martyrs. But twenty years from now it will swing the other way, revealing a hall of mirrors and the letters—distinct, hopefully, despite the years—of a country in perpetual crisis.

“Together, despite the odds, we have made it this far. The powerful essays and poetry in Four Hundred Souls are a testament to how much we have overcome, and how we have managed to do it together, despite our differences and diverse perspectives.

Yet. I am not convinced that we are our ancestors’ wildest dreams. At least not yet” (391)

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serendipitysbooks's review

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challenging informative inspiring reflective fast-paced

5.0

When I undertook my history degree it was drummed into me that good history was detached, impartial and objective. Four Hundred Souls is not that sort of history - and it is all the better for it. Stronger and far more engaging. And more truthful.

It’s a community history, a compilation of eighty essays, each by a different author. The authors came from a variety of backgrounds and disciplines; this is not a book authored solely by academic historians. Some essays focused on a person, some an event, some an object, others an idea. I loved the variety of topics, styles and voices. Each essay covered a five year period and they were arranged chronologically which gave the book a flow, a sense of historical progression and a cohesiveness. The essays were divided into ten sections, each of which ended with a poem that reflected on the preceding essays. I’ve never seen this done before but I thought it was very effective. The poetry brought a different dimension and I wished some visual arts had been able to be included also.

Another thing that really stood out is the way most, if not all, essays explicitly linked the events of the past with those of the present. This is not a book of dry facts from the past; this is history that clearly explains the present, and sadly indicates the way things have not changed as much as they ought.

It’s very hard to review such a diverse collection. Personally I especially enjoyed the essays that looked at the 1600 and 1700s since it’s a period of US history that I’m less familiar with. Michael Harriot’s essay on the Reconstruction era really stood out because of it’s honest language, language that differs from that found in most history books. They talk about racial unrest; he talks about terror cells and a war being waged to create a white supremist state. Tera W. Hunter’s exploration of the Shermantown neighbourhood also caught my eye.

Four hundred years of history may sound a daunting read but it’s not. All the essays bar one are between 3 and 5 pages, meaning this can easily be read, slowly but steadily, at the rate of one essay per day - a pace that would allow plenty of time for reflection.

Unique and Unmissable.

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