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516 reviews for:
Die Donut-Ökonomie: Endlich ein Wirtschaftsmodell, das den Planeten nicht zerstört
Kate Raworth
4.21 AVERAGE
516 reviews for:
Die Donut-Ökonomie: Endlich ein Wirtschaftsmodell, das den Planeten nicht zerstört
Kate Raworth
4.21 AVERAGE
hopeful
informative
medium-paced
Marzy mi się, żeby tę książkę przeczytało jak najwięcej osób! Marzy mi się, żeby weszła do kanonu obowiązkowych lektur szkolnych! Nie przesadzę, nie zmyślę kiedy stwierdzę, że ta książka w istotnym stopniu zrewolucjonizowała i zmieniła moje myślenie, zapatrywanie na wiele problemów, postępowanie w życiu codziennym i dotychczasowe nawyki. “Ekonomia obwarzanka” to jedna z nielicznych książek, które na stałe, dożywotnio zagoszczą na moim regale, której nigdy przenigdy się nie pozbędę, a w przyszłości jeszcze nie raz po nią sięgnę. W całym moim dotychczasowym życiu żadna inna książka nie wywarła na mnie tak gigantycznego wrażenia jak “Obwarzanek”. Lektura tytułu Raworth okazała się być dla mnie kompletnie nowym, unikalnym doświadczeniem. Ale zaraz - o co tyle szumu? O czym właściwie jest ten “Obwarzanek”? Bo chyba nie o dietach, glutenie, ekonomicznym odżywianiu. Ano nie! Kate Raworth w swojej niesamowicie optymistycznej i rewolucyjnej, ale jak najbardziej realistycznej i prawdopodobnej!, publikacji na przykładzie obwarzanka pokazuje jak należy zaspokajać ludzkie potrzeby uwzględniając przy tym możliwości naszej planety, jak zmienić biznes i gospodarki państw, aby wyhamować i spróbować powstrzymać coraz dynamiczniej rozwijającą się katastrofę klimatyczną, w końcu i jak współistnieć z planetą, a nie jak dotychczas eksploatować ją i wyzyskiwać niczym pasożyt. Autorka mimo, że jest ekonomistką z wykształcenia i zawodu - to wszystkie definicje, zagadnienia i problemy tłumaczy i opisuje w absolutnie zrozumiały dla przeciętnego czytelnika - ekonomicznego laika sposób. I w tym właśnie tkwi największa siła książki Raworth - koncepcje, gotowe rozwiązania i działania zaproponowane przez nią w “Obwarzanku” przemówią i są możliwe do wdrożenia we własnym życiu przez prawie każdego - niezależnie od wieku, narodowości czy wykształcenia. Trzeba tylko chcieć. A i tu autorka odwala kawał dobrej roboty, bo jej książka przesycona jest pozytywną energią, niemal z każdej strony krzyczy do nas “I Ty możesz coś zmienić - zacznij działać! Już! Teraz!”. Mnie osobiście “Ekonomia obwarzanka” dała nawet nie impuls, a kopa do działania jak żadna inna publikacja czy filmowy dokument o zmianach klimatycznym, środowisku, ekologii. Przemówiła do mnie mocno ta książka, otworzyła oczy na kwestie i problemy planety i gospodarki, które dotychczas bagatelizowałam i uważałam za wydumane. Kate Raworth sprawiła, że diametralnie zmieniłam swoje dotychczasowe podejście do ekologii, dbania o środowisko i Ziemię. Lektura „Obwarzanka” to była jedna z najwspanialszych, najcenniejszych i najpożyteczniejszych lekcji jakie dostałam w życiu.
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informative
slow-paced
Though it sounds cliche, this book changed my life. It starts by detailing the accounts of people going against economics in academics saying it has diverted off its course in its contribution to the world. It is followed by exposing the flaws of economic laws, with cited evidence. My favourite debunk is the environmental Kuznet curve, where the UK is the only country whose total pollution per certain period is decreasing. If every country followed suit, the Earth would run out of resources by 10-something fold. Along with the flaws the book depicts the framework on how to view economics best such as the Doughnut diagram that balances human quality of life and the environment. The book also details the origins of Economics and contains parts elaborating on what we should do to fix the world's economic problems (of course it did not capture all).
My other favourite part of the book is where it describes GDP as an outdated metric of a country's success and it should be replaced with human quality of life metrics. The book transformed my perception of Economics that it is not a science, but a field of study that is extremely useful for solving social issues.
My other favourite part of the book is where it describes GDP as an outdated metric of a country's success and it should be replaced with human quality of life metrics. The book transformed my perception of Economics that it is not a science, but a field of study that is extremely useful for solving social issues.
slow-paced
informative
inspiring
reflective
slow-paced
As an economics student, this was definitely a book worth reading as I think it is important to learn about other perspectives than the ones you are taught. I certainly remain skeptical, particularly as many of the examples Raworth gives as possibilities for improving our current economic systems have definitely not be studied enough for us to be sure they'll work (especially cryptocurrency!), however I do think Raworth is aware of this (though she mentions her limitations infrequently - the main purpose of this book is to convince you of something after all). It is certainly optimistic and gives me hope I can do something positive as an economist.
hopeful
informative
slow-paced
Doughnut Economics is a call to replace the flawed and misguided economic thinking that dominates policymaking today, with a new framework that recognises the need to provide "a social foundation of well-being that no one should fall below" while remaining within "an ecological ceiling of planetary pressure that we should not go beyond".
#1: Change the goal. Raworth argues that economists such as Milton Friedman were so intent on giving economics the stature of the sciences, to articulate the "laws" that governed human activity, they not only ignored the realities of human behaviour (that humans don't always behave like omniscient calculators, for instance), but felt justified in setting aside meaningful discussion on the goals and values of the economy. Today, hardly anyone will question the belief that "economic success must lie in an ever-rising national income". Whether it is inclusive growth or green growth, or sustainable growth, nobody will dispute that growth is good. But to what end to we pursue growth? And if it's more than just rising incomes - if the good life is also about justice, relationships, care and right, shouldn't our policies look beyond raising GDP as a goal?
#2: See the big picture. Raworth argues that conventional economic thinking takes too narrow a view of the economy, where the government is seen as a hindrance and its role limited to niche areas such as national defence and protection of property rights whilst leaving trade, finance, businesses and the market in general unfettered. In reality, the economy has many other key players - households (which supply labour and capital to the market and who should be valued accordingly), society (which provides the connections between individuals and should be strengthened), earth (which provides the resources for human activity and should be respected), the commons, and power. As expected, the new script does not call for trade, finance, and businesses to be left alone. Rather, trade is double-edged and must therefore be made fair; and finance and business innovation must be made to serve society and not shareholders.
#3: Nurture human nature. Raworth points out that the danger of conventional economic thought, is that even though it is based on the flawed and overly simplistic notion of homo economicus, this model has profoundly influenced the way we think and act. We may not be omniscient calculators, but when told that we are meant to act like homo economicus, we start to adopt his ways of looking at the world. So "what had started as a model of man had turned into a model for man". We become self-interested individuals who look only at the measurable costs and benefits that accrue to us. How might we reverse this, using values, nudges, networks and reciprocity to reshape thinking, and hence behaviour?
#4: Get savvy with systems. Unlike Newtonian physics, there is no static equilibrium to be attained in the economy. The economy is a complex system with multiple feedback loops in operation. This is why early winners can grow to become dominant players in the economy - reinforcing feedback loops raise their chances of winning with each round, widening the gaps of income and wealth. If today's economy is "divisive and degenerative by default", then we must design tomorrow's economy to be "distributive and regenerative by design".
[Interesting nugget: The game Monopoly was originally invented by Elizabeth Magie as The Landlord's Game, where it had to be played under two sets of rules. Under the Prosperity set of rules, ever player gained etch time someone acquired a new property and the game was won when the player who started with the least money had doubled it. Under Monopoly, players gained by charging rent to those who landed on their properties and the winner was the one who bankrupted everyone. The intention of having two sets of rules was for players to see how different approaches to property ownership could lead to vastly different outcomes. When Parker Brothers bought the patent from Magie, they only used the Monopoly set of rules.]
#5: Design to distribute. The criticism of conventional economic 'wisdom' on inequality is well-known. That it is not the case of 'no pain, no gain', that countries have to accept rising inequality in the short-run but as incomes rise, inequality will fall. Raworth identifies some possible leverage points to make economies more distributive of the value they generate. First, foster small scale enterprises and shift the concentration of power away from large-scale enterprises, in order to strengthen the resilience of the economic network. Second, redistribute income and wealth (e.g. land resources). Third, push for monetary redesign, by shifting the power to create money away from commercial banks, where money is created to finance speculative activity (e.g. buying property, stocks and shares), to using money for spending on products and services.
#6: Create to regenerate. Here, Raworth discusses the circular economy. The challenge is that regenerative enterprise need financial support whose values and expectations are aligned with their own; yet, "current finance culture is still narrowly focussed on driving short-term financial value, such as through share buybacks or increasing dividends". And what sort of metrics - beyond monetary metrics - can we track to see how healthy the regenerative and distributive economy is?
#7: Be agnostic about growth. Rawoth ends off with the observation that "we have an economy that needs to grow, whether or not it makes us thrive. We need an economy that makes us thrive, whether or not it grows". This will take nothing less than the redesign of our financial, political and social structures, that expect and require continued growth to work.
It's a powerfully written book that makes you question the (deeply embedded) beliefs about how the economy should work. Like when we extol the virtues of the "free market", for instance. Raworth points out that markets are strongly shaped by a society's context of laws, institutions, regulations, policies and culture. "From passports to medicines and AK-47s, many things cannot be legally bought or sold without official license. Trade unions, immigration policies and minimum wage laws all have an effect on a country's going wage rate. Company reporting requirements, the culture of shareholder primacy and state funded bailouts all influence the level of corporate profits. Forget the free market...there is no such thing as deregulation, only deregulation that embeds the market in a different set of political, legal and cultural rules, simply shifting who bears the risks and costs and who reaps the gains of change."
Like the pause you take when Raworth points out that current economic policies hasten economic segregation arising from technology by taxing labour while offering tax deductions to firms that invest in machines that replace labour. Whereas distributive design would suggest switching from taxing labour to taxing the use of non-renewable resources while investing in skilling people up in areas where they have an advantage over robots e.g. in empathy, creativity, insight and human contact.
In some ways, Doughnut Economics is a tough book to read because it challenges so many deeply embedded and widely accepted beliefs. But looking at the issues we face today - rising inequality, environmental degradation, resource scarcity - they do suggest that the model we have today is unsustainable and we can't take it on faith that it's a case of "no pain, no gain" and that things must get worse before they get better. You may not agree with all of Raworth's ideas and prescriptions. But she does make a compelling case that doing nothing and sticking with the status quo is not an option.
#1: Change the goal. Raworth argues that economists such as Milton Friedman were so intent on giving economics the stature of the sciences, to articulate the "laws" that governed human activity, they not only ignored the realities of human behaviour (that humans don't always behave like omniscient calculators, for instance), but felt justified in setting aside meaningful discussion on the goals and values of the economy. Today, hardly anyone will question the belief that "economic success must lie in an ever-rising national income". Whether it is inclusive growth or green growth, or sustainable growth, nobody will dispute that growth is good. But to what end to we pursue growth? And if it's more than just rising incomes - if the good life is also about justice, relationships, care and right, shouldn't our policies look beyond raising GDP as a goal?
#2: See the big picture. Raworth argues that conventional economic thinking takes too narrow a view of the economy, where the government is seen as a hindrance and its role limited to niche areas such as national defence and protection of property rights whilst leaving trade, finance, businesses and the market in general unfettered. In reality, the economy has many other key players - households (which supply labour and capital to the market and who should be valued accordingly), society (which provides the connections between individuals and should be strengthened), earth (which provides the resources for human activity and should be respected), the commons, and power. As expected, the new script does not call for trade, finance, and businesses to be left alone. Rather, trade is double-edged and must therefore be made fair; and finance and business innovation must be made to serve society and not shareholders.
#3: Nurture human nature. Raworth points out that the danger of conventional economic thought, is that even though it is based on the flawed and overly simplistic notion of homo economicus, this model has profoundly influenced the way we think and act. We may not be omniscient calculators, but when told that we are meant to act like homo economicus, we start to adopt his ways of looking at the world. So "what had started as a model of man had turned into a model for man". We become self-interested individuals who look only at the measurable costs and benefits that accrue to us. How might we reverse this, using values, nudges, networks and reciprocity to reshape thinking, and hence behaviour?
#4: Get savvy with systems. Unlike Newtonian physics, there is no static equilibrium to be attained in the economy. The economy is a complex system with multiple feedback loops in operation. This is why early winners can grow to become dominant players in the economy - reinforcing feedback loops raise their chances of winning with each round, widening the gaps of income and wealth. If today's economy is "divisive and degenerative by default", then we must design tomorrow's economy to be "distributive and regenerative by design".
[Interesting nugget: The game Monopoly was originally invented by Elizabeth Magie as The Landlord's Game, where it had to be played under two sets of rules. Under the Prosperity set of rules, ever player gained etch time someone acquired a new property and the game was won when the player who started with the least money had doubled it. Under Monopoly, players gained by charging rent to those who landed on their properties and the winner was the one who bankrupted everyone. The intention of having two sets of rules was for players to see how different approaches to property ownership could lead to vastly different outcomes. When Parker Brothers bought the patent from Magie, they only used the Monopoly set of rules.]
#5: Design to distribute. The criticism of conventional economic 'wisdom' on inequality is well-known. That it is not the case of 'no pain, no gain', that countries have to accept rising inequality in the short-run but as incomes rise, inequality will fall. Raworth identifies some possible leverage points to make economies more distributive of the value they generate. First, foster small scale enterprises and shift the concentration of power away from large-scale enterprises, in order to strengthen the resilience of the economic network. Second, redistribute income and wealth (e.g. land resources). Third, push for monetary redesign, by shifting the power to create money away from commercial banks, where money is created to finance speculative activity (e.g. buying property, stocks and shares), to using money for spending on products and services.
#6: Create to regenerate. Here, Raworth discusses the circular economy. The challenge is that regenerative enterprise need financial support whose values and expectations are aligned with their own; yet, "current finance culture is still narrowly focussed on driving short-term financial value, such as through share buybacks or increasing dividends". And what sort of metrics - beyond monetary metrics - can we track to see how healthy the regenerative and distributive economy is?
#7: Be agnostic about growth. Rawoth ends off with the observation that "we have an economy that needs to grow, whether or not it makes us thrive. We need an economy that makes us thrive, whether or not it grows". This will take nothing less than the redesign of our financial, political and social structures, that expect and require continued growth to work.
It's a powerfully written book that makes you question the (deeply embedded) beliefs about how the economy should work. Like when we extol the virtues of the "free market", for instance. Raworth points out that markets are strongly shaped by a society's context of laws, institutions, regulations, policies and culture. "From passports to medicines and AK-47s, many things cannot be legally bought or sold without official license. Trade unions, immigration policies and minimum wage laws all have an effect on a country's going wage rate. Company reporting requirements, the culture of shareholder primacy and state funded bailouts all influence the level of corporate profits. Forget the free market...there is no such thing as deregulation, only deregulation that embeds the market in a different set of political, legal and cultural rules, simply shifting who bears the risks and costs and who reaps the gains of change."
Like the pause you take when Raworth points out that current economic policies hasten economic segregation arising from technology by taxing labour while offering tax deductions to firms that invest in machines that replace labour. Whereas distributive design would suggest switching from taxing labour to taxing the use of non-renewable resources while investing in skilling people up in areas where they have an advantage over robots e.g. in empathy, creativity, insight and human contact.
In some ways, Doughnut Economics is a tough book to read because it challenges so many deeply embedded and widely accepted beliefs. But looking at the issues we face today - rising inequality, environmental degradation, resource scarcity - they do suggest that the model we have today is unsustainable and we can't take it on faith that it's a case of "no pain, no gain" and that things must get worse before they get better. You may not agree with all of Raworth's ideas and prescriptions. But she does make a compelling case that doing nothing and sticking with the status quo is not an option.
challenging
hopeful
informative
inspiring
reflective
medium-paced
informative
inspiring
medium-paced