Pretty incredible information!!!

Actual Rating: 4.75

This is a short, entertaining and informative book, written by a leading cosmologist. Lawrence Krauss describes, step by step, the observational evidence for the expansion of the universe, the existence of dark matter, and dark energy. He clearly describes the differences between a closed, open, and a flat universe, and shows the the reasons why we probably live in a flat universe. I had never understood before reading his explanation, how the spatial scales of variability of the cosmic microwave background radiation proves that our universe is flat. In a flat universe, space is in Euclidean geometry, and light rays travel in straight lines. The universe will not implode upon itself in the distant future.

He shows the evidence for the big bang theory--quite a lot of evidence is behind the theory--I had no idea. Scientists claim that the universe has expanded for 13.72 billion years since the big bang: How do they figure it so precisely, to four significant figures? Krauss explains this very nicely.

Krauss shows a way out of the anthropic principle, that is, that the universe's characteristics were chosen to be "just right" for the production of galaxies, stars, earth, and life. He shows that the idea of multiple universes is not so far-fetched, if one defines the universe as that region of space that is causally connected.

Krauss adds a subtle, dry humor to his text. For example, the title of the sixth chapter is The Free Lunch at the End of the Universe, a bow to the title of the book [b:The Restaurant at the End of the Universe|8695|The Restaurant at the End of the Universe (Hitchhiker's Guide, #2)|Douglas Adams|http://d202m5krfqbpi5.cloudfront.net/books/1333577589s/8695.jpg|1877624] by Douglas Adams. So what is the free lunch? As the universe is expanding, the density of energy remains constant. That is because for any galaxy in a flat universe, its positive energy of motion is exactly balanced by its negative energy of gravitational attraction. Truly "empty" space is unstable--small quantum fluctuations give rise to the creation of matter, and at the same time conserve energy. Krauss quotes Yogi Berra, "The future ain't what it used to be."
challenging informative mysterious reflective medium-paced
challenging informative mysterious medium-paced

I understand about half of everything in this book. Dr. Kraus is just too smart for me, but his final assertion that our universe does not necessitate God or a god is in line with what I -- an agnostic ashiest -- concur.

Meh. Knauss is obviously a brilliant man, and there were plenty of "whoa" moments in the book, but he's a bad writer and hardly the lucid explainer of complex concepts that the jacket copy makes him out to be. Many sentences just didn't quite parse, and conceptually he often lingers and digresses when he should be moving on, and moves on when a concept really deserves more explication. As a result, this book was interesting but not enjoyable.

I really enjoyed this book, and how it moves backwards one step at a time: How you can get matter out of empty space, how you can get empty space out of nowhere with just the law of physics, and how you can get our particular laws of physics out of a multiverse where they spontaneously appear (I thought this chapter was the most out-there, but it might just be because I didn't understand it).

The big thing I didn't like about this book was the incredibly boring preaching-to-the choir theological discussions. I seriously doubt a book about physics would ever convince someone to give up their religion, and I doubt many religious people would finish this book anyway. I'm still giving it 5 stars because the history and physics are really interesting, but the book could have been better.

Krauss, Lawrence M. (2012). A Universe from Nothing. New York: Free Press. 2012. ISBN 9781451624458. Pagine 226. 9,99 €

Non è la prima volta che provo a leggere un libro di cosmologia: il tema non mi appassiona, ma mi dico che è dovere di una persona colta (come aspiro a diventare) cercare di capire i progressi della scienza e della conoscenza anche in campi diversi da quelli che mi sono congeniali.

Questa filosofia mi ha spesso portato ad aperture di nuovi orizzonti, ad avventure del pensiero e a esperienze felici, ma non sempre. A volte la stessa filosofia è stato un lasciapassare per la frustrazione.

Ricordo ancora quando – studiavo all’università – volli cimentarmi con La linguistica strutturale di Giulio C. Lepschy. Non esattamente rocket science, come si suol dire. La 4ª di copertina diceva qualcosa del tipo:

La linguistica strutturale è venuta occupando un posto centrale nella cultura, al punto d’incontro fra scienze esatte e discipline umanistiche. Al rigore dei suoi metodi guardano spesso come a un modello studiosi in campi diversi, dall’antropologia alla storia, dalla logica alla cibernetica alla critica letteraria. Questo è dovuto a un rinnovamento che la linguistica ha operato nelle proprie basi e nei propri metodi, introducendo distinzioni come quelle di sincronia e di diacronia, sintagmatica e paradigmatica, “langue” e “parole”, e interpretando gli elementi linguistici in base alla loro pertinenza rispetto a certe funzioni, che essi possono esercitare in quanto costituiscono un sistema. In questo libro uno specialista presenta al lettore italiano non specialista una rassegna sistematica dei metodi della linguistica strutturale, un esame delle sue varie correnti, e una discussione di alcune più recenti applicazioni.

D’accordo, qualche termine intimidiva (“sincronia e diacronia, sintagmatica e paradigmatica, langue e parole“) ma l’editore ti tranquillizzava (“uno specialista presenta al lettore italiano non specialista”): io ero certo un non specialista ed Einaudi all’epoca era un editore serio. E dunque, avanti. Avanti un corno. Incontrai per la prima volta nella mia vita la sensazione di aver cozzato contro i limiti della mia capacità di comprensione, e dovetti ammettere a me stesso che potevano esserci cose con non capivo e non avrei capito. In un certo senso fu anche un’esperienza tardiva (ero stato fortunato a non avere incontrato questi miei limiti intellettuali più precocemente, come invece mi era avvenuto con quasi tutte le attività sportive e con l’acuità sensoriale) e salutare (conoscere i propri limiti è evidentemente meglio che credersi un superuomo).

Dopo quella disavventura, l’esperienza di incontrare qualcosa che non capivo, o che capivo solo dopo un grande sforzo di applicazione e che comunque avevo la sensazione di non capire fino in fondo (“You don’t understand anything until you learn it more than one way” come ha scritto Marvin Minski) si è presentata molte volte. Soprattutto con la cosmologia e con la fisica. Influendo persino sull’andamento del complesso di Edipo e sulle scelte di studio della mia prole: ma questa è tutta un’altra storia.

Ho affrontato Krauss perché speravo sinceramente che le sua qualità di “divulgatore” mi avrebbero aiutato (avevo letto il suo libro, godibilissimo, su La fisica di Star Trek) ad affrontare un tema che un risvolto affascinante l’ha senz’altro: Why is there something rather than nothing? Perché c’è qualche cosa invece di niente?

Domanda che ha anche un risvolto teologico, evidentemente. Evidentemente, almeno, per noi italiani che ci siamo scontrati con il tomismo fin dai tempi della scuola e, si suppone, i conti con questo modo di ragionare – apparentemente a tenuta ermetica, ma in realtà fragilissimo – li abbiamo fatti da un pezzo. E la presenza di una post-fazione di Richard Dawkins, ormai arruolato full-time a paladino di una visione scientifica e razionalistica del mondo, mi sembrava una garanzia che la risposta alla domanda sarebbe stata, appunto, scientifica e razionalistica.

Sotto questo profilo non sono stato deluso. Ma mentirei se dicessi che ha capito tutto.

Il libro è, in qualche misura, “figlio” di una conferenza-lezione di Lawrence Krauss, ancora una volta introdotta da Richard Dawkins, al meeting 2009 della Atheist Alliance International. Il filmato è stato visto da 1,3 milioni di persone nel momento in cui scrivo. Eccolo qui:

***

Al termine della recensione, alcuni passi del libro che mi sembrano degni di nota. Il riferimento è come di consueto alle posizioni sul Kindle:

[…] data rarely impress people who have decided in advance that something is wrong with the picture. [456: come a dire che, se hai un pregiudizio, non sarà l'evidenza dei dati a farti cambiare idea.]

The pattern of density fluctuations that result after inflation — arising, I should stress, from the quantum fluctuations in otherwise empty space — turns out to be precisely in agreement with the observed pattern of cold spots and hot spots on large scales in the cosmic microwave background radiation. While consistency is not proof, of course, there is an increasing view among cosmologists that, once again, if it walks like a duck and looks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it is probably a duck. And if inflation indeed is responsible for all the small fluctuations in the density of matter and radiation that would later result in the gravitational collapse of matter into galaxies and stars and planets and people, then it can be truly said that we all are here today because of quantum fluctuations in what is essentially nothing. [1374]

Of course, speculations about the future are notoriously difficult. I am writing this, in fact, while at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, which is full of economists who invariably predict the behavior of future markets and revise their predictions when they turn out to be horribly wrong. More generally, I find any predictions of the far future, and even the not-so-far future, of science and technology to be even sketchier than those of “the dismal science.” Indeed, whenever I’m asked about the near future of science or what the next big breakthrough will be, I always respond that if I knew, I would be working on it right now! [1602]

I should point out, nevertheless, that even though incomplete data can lead to a false picture, this is far different from the (false) picture obtained by those who choose to ignore empirical data to invent a picture of creation that would otherwise contradict the evidence of reality (young earthers, for example), or those who instead require the existence of something for which there is no observable evidence whatsoever (like divine intelligence) to reconcile their view of creation with their a priori prejudices, or worse still, those who cling to fairy tales about nature that presume the answers before questions can even be asked. [1636]

In this case, the answer to the question, “Why is there something rather than nothing?” will then simply be: “There won’t be for long.” [2470]

me parecio como un batante decent popular science book, con una dificultad que te hace pensar y al mismo timepo no te aburre. en general, me gustó, y yo creo que consiguió poner al frente el hypothesis, con la evidencia viniendo de cosmology que nos da la idea que es un possibility, al menos con mas backing que aquella del creator.

basicamente, pone el evidence que tenemos del bing bang, el backround cosmic radiation, el hubble observed galaxys that are accelarating away at increasing speeds, luego va sobre el expansion, los diferent geometrys de space y como un flat universe es la mas probable dada nuestro data, habla de quantum fluctions como podrian crear algo de la nada con el context del espacio-tiempo. y finalmente remove la necesidad del espacio tiempo, creo que utilizando las ideas de hawkins radiation, y como el total energy del universe puede sumarse para ser 0, asi no contradiciendo el conservation of eneregy, para concluir que la conjecture es un posibilidad.

aqui dejo un review mas pesimista que resume los puntos del libro:

In the first half of the book, Krauss demonstrates how scientists have obtained observational evidence related to the expansion and flatness of the Universe, as well as the existence of both dark matter and dark energy, among others. Krauss mixes some stories in these sections and I thought that the chapters concerning these ideas were the best of the book.

He then proceeds to showing the consequences of these discoveries, namely how they could indicate that our Universe came from nothing. These include, for example, the net gravitational energy being very close to zero, therefore requiring no energy input, which could lead to the existence of a Universe filled with matter and radiation as a consequence of the energy of empty space.

Later in the book, I thought that he performed quite a bit of hand waving when it came to the topic of how spacetime might have come into existence out of nothing, namely through quantum processes. Additionally, Krauss assumes that the principles of quantum mechanics are just there, they just exist from the start. And he actually admits to this as a potential flaw near the end of the book. As a result, I don’t believe he was as clear and convincing as he might have thought.

I have to admit to not following all of the physics in this book. I'm not sure if this is due to intellectual deficiencies, laziness, or a combination of both. But as the book builds on concepts throughout, the concepts I hadn't paid enough attention to in the beginning became even more confusing.

Having said that, this book had me marvelling at the minds who can not only piece all of this together, but also think of ingenious ways of testing out their theories. Mind boggling stuff!