A review by doggerdog
Republic by Plato

challenging informative reflective slow-paced

4.5

”If the whole soul follows its wisdom-loving, philosophical part… and is free from internal faction, the result is that each part is just, performing its proper role in all respects…”

Using the paradigm of the ideal city governed by wisdom, philosophy, and justice, Plato (through Socrates’ voice) successfully unravels what makes a soul truly just. This paradigm is largely employed within the first half of the text (the part I found the most enjoyable) before removing the concepts discussed from a city, and placing them upon the human soul in the second half. 

The application of this technique supports the observation made by Christopher Rowe in the introduction of my copy. Rowe suggests that Plato’s writing was likely intended for a broad audience, not just those who are experts in the field of philosophy. this technique as well as his constant allusions to characters of myth and Epics allowed the contemporary audience to grasp these difficult concepts posed by Socrates by relating them to cultural figures. Even today, this style is incredibly useful for those of us familiar with these characters, and provides us an insight into just how much of an impact they had on how Greek society viewed the world.

Socrates’ ideal society is one governed by the functionalist mode of thinking. Everyone does the jobs they were born to do and does not stray from this path as their purpose is to perform for the betterment of society. Through intense acts of isolating socialisation, Socrates ensures these behaviours and beliefs are culturally ingrained from birth to avoid any protests as these only occur when ignorance is lifted. Pleasures and desires do not exist, everything including the women and children are shared so there is no attachment formed with anything besides one’s role. 

However, in doing this he creates a city devoid of nuance and individuality, that hardly anyone reading finds appealling (although with some socialisation, mayhaps we shall change our tune). But the city isn’t important, this isn’t the point Socrates is trying to make. It is just a paradigm after all. He knows the city won’t come to fruition, but hopes the changes to one’s soul will. 

We must Govern our soul through the functionalist approach. Ensuring that the forms within enact their intended roles, whilst following the path of wisdom and thus leading us to a just and good life no matter the circumstances (As seen in the final pages with the tale of Er’s experience in the afterlife).

Be just not for the prestige it brings, but the goodness it brings to your soul. An important thing to consider in the age of social media activism… but I won’t go into that 😮‍💨