A review by oleksandr
This Idea Is Brilliant: Lost, Overlooked, and Underappreciated Scientific Concepts Everyone Should Know by John Brockman

4.0

This is a collection of short definitions/vingettes for many interesting terms, collected by Edge.org. The articles are on the extremely broad array of subjects: economics, physics, linguistics, psychology, medicine, environment, etc. They are collected in this book but also can be accessed for free on the website. Here are several articles I found interesting to name just a few:

The Genetic Book of the Dead
Mating Opportunity Costs
Sex
Fundamental Attribution Error
The Menger Sponge
Ansatz
The Gaia Hypothesis
Russell Conjugation