3.0

"By claiming that evolution by mate choice was a special process with its own distinctive internal logic, Darwin fought against the powerful scientific and intellectual bias toward simplicity and unification. Of course, many of Darwin's Victorian antagonists were recent converts from religious monotheism to materialist evolutionism. Their historic monotheism might have predisposed them to adopt a powerful new monoideism. They replaced a single omnipotent God with a single omnipotent idea: natural selection."

"Rare among primates, male mating preferences for female sexual ornaments have clearly evolved on the uniquely human branch on the tree of life. The very fact that males have strong preferences seems to be counterindicated by one of the more tiresome evolutionary psychology truisms: the idea that because sperm are cheap and numerous, and eggs are expensive and rare, men are sexually profligate and women are sexually coy. The problem with this stereotype is how poorly it reflects human behavior."

"Of course, it has long been clear that sexual coercion and sexual violence are directly harmful to the wellbeing of female animals. But the aesthetic perspective allows us to understand that sexual coercion also infringes upon their individual freedom of choice. Once we recognize that coercion undermines individual sexual autonomy, we are led, inexorably, to the discovery that freedom of choice matters to animals. Sexual autonomy is not a mythical and poorly conceived legal concept invented by feminists and liberals. Rather, sexual autonomy is an evolved feature of the societies of many sexual species. As we have learned from ducks and other birds, when sexual autonomy is abridged or disrupted by coercion or violence, mate choice itself can provide the evolutionary leverage to assert and expand the freedom of choice."