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A review by saaraa96
The Great Mental Models: General Thinking Concepts by Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien
4.0
کتاب به طور کلی شاید چیز جدیدی نمی‌گفت ؛ همون‌طور که اولش خودش هم گفته بود. اما واقعن گاهی نیاز داریم یه سری چیزهایی که میدونیم رو، با دسته بندی درست و بررسی های بهتر دوباره از یه جای دیگه بشنویم/بخونیم.
البته تو مثال هاش خودم کلی چیز جدید یاد گرفتم.
یه تیکه هاییشو میذارم بمونه:
داستانی که برنیز برا افزایش فروش سیگار به خانم‌ها راه انداخته بود خیلی توجهم رو جلب کرد:
طرف شروع کرده بود با تبلیغ اینکه سیگار لاغر میکنه، هماهنگی با رستوران ها که تو منوشون کنار مثلن شیرینیجات چاق کننده به عنوان دسر، سیگار هم بذارن که کسایی که می‌خوان چاق نشن استفاده کنند و هماهنگی با سازنده های کابینت های خونه ها که محلی برا سیگار به طور دیفالت درست کنند و... ادامه داده بود؛ و موفق شد.
بخوایم بگیم منتال مدل چیه خودش یه توضیحی داده بود:
این تیکه برا اینکه چرا یه سری چیز رو یاد نمی‌گیریم هم جالب بود:
اینرسی ای که آدم داره برا فکر کردن/نکردن
▪ Understanding only becomes useful when we adjust our behavior and actions accordingly.
یاپ. همین که میگه.
البته تو مثال هاش خودم کلی چیز جدید یاد گرفتم.
یه تیکه هاییشو میذارم بمونه:
داستانی که برنیز برا افزایش فروش سیگار به خانم‌ها راه انداخته بود خیلی توجهم رو جلب کرد:
طرف شروع کرده بود با تبلیغ اینکه سیگار لاغر میکنه، هماهنگی با رستوران ها که تو منوشون کنار مثلن شیرینیجات چاق کننده به عنوان دسر، سیگار هم بذارن که کسایی که می‌خوان چاق نشن استفاده کنند و هماهنگی با سازنده های کابینت های خونه ها که محلی برا سیگار به طور دیفالت درست کنند و... ادامه داده بود؛ و موفق شد.
Bernays’s efforts to make smoking in public socially acceptable had equally startling results. He linked cigarette smoking with women’s emancipation. To smoke was to be free. Cigarettes were marketed as “torches of freedom.” He orchestrated public events, including an infamous parade on Easter Sunday in 1929 which featured women smoking as they walked in the parade. He left no detail unattended, so public perception of smoking was changed almost overnight. He both normalized it and made it desirable in one swoop.
بخوایم بگیم منتال مدل چیه خودش یه توضیحی داده بود:
A mental model is simply a representation of how something works. We cannot keep all of the details of the world in our brains, so we use models to simplify the complex into understandable and organizable chunks. Whether we realize it or not, we then use these models every day to think, decide, and understand our world. While there are millions of mental models, some true and some false, these volumes will focus on the ones with the greatest utility—the all-star team of mental models.
این تیکه برا اینکه چرا یه سری چیز رو یاد نمی‌گیریم هم جالب بود:
The biggest barrier to learning from contact with reality is ourselves. It’s hard to understand a system that we are part of because we have blind spots, where we can’t see what we aren’t looking for, and don’t notice what we don’t notice.
Our inability to learn from the world because of our ego happens for many reasons, but two are worth mentioning here. First, we’re so afraid about what others will say about us that we fail to put our ideas out there and subject them to criticism. This way we can always be right. Second, if we do put our ideas out there and they are criticized, our ego steps in to protect us. We become invested in defending instead of upgrading our ideas.
اینرسی ای که آدم داره برا فکر کردن/نکردن
▪ It’s much easier to go on thinking what we’ve already been thinking than go through the pain of updating our existing, false beliefs.
▪ We also tend to undervalue the elementary ideas and overvalue the complicated ones. Most of us get jobs based on some form of specialized knowledge, so this makes sense. We don’t think we have much value if we know the things everyone else does, so we focus our effort on developing unique expertise to set ourselves apart. The problem is then that we reject the simple to make sure what we offer can’t be contributed by someone else. But simple ideas are of great value because they can help us prevent complex problems.
▪ Understanding only becomes useful when we adjust our behavior and actions accordingly.
▪ We are afraid to learn and admit when we don’t know enough. This is the mindset that leads to poor decisions.
یاپ. همین که میگه.
The Map is not the Territory
▪ We can’t use maps as dogma. Maps and models are not meant to live forever as static references. The world is dynamic. As territories change, our tools to navigate them must be flexible to handle a wide variety of situations or adapt to the changing times. If the value of a map or model is related to its ability to predict or explain, then it needs to represent reality. If reality has changed the map must change.
▪ The reason we have such difficulty with overconfidence—as demonstrated in studies which show that most of us are much worse drivers, lovers, managers, traders (and many other things) than we think we are—is because we have a problem with honest self-reporting. We don’t keep the right records, because we don’t really want to know what we’re good and bad at. Ego is a powerful enemy when it comes to better understanding reality.
▪ When it comes down to it, everything that is not a law of nature is just a shared belief. Money is a shared belief. So is a border. So are bitcoin. So is love. The list goes on
Fallacy of Conjunction:
we’re deeply affected by vivid, available evidence, to such a degree that we’re willing to make judgments that violate simple logic. We over-conclude based on the available information. We have no trouble packaging in unrelated factors if they happen to occur in proximity to what we already believe.
Failing to prioritize stupidity over malice causes things like paranoia. Always assuming malice puts you at the center of everyone else’s world. This is an incredibly self-centered approach to life. In reality, for every act of malice, there is almost certainly far more ignorance, stupidity, and laziness.