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emilydawndivine 's review for:
“Journalism is one of many fields of public influence, including politics, in which credentials function as de facto permission to speak; rending those who lack them less likely to be employed and less able to afford to stay in their field. Ability is discounted without credentials, but the ability to purchase credentials rests, more often than not, on family wealth. One could repeat the story in field after field, from nurses to art teachers; from physical therapists to policy consultants. Almost every endeavor that used to be considered an art, best learned through doing, now requires formal professional training and a certificate of completion. And this seems to be happening equally in both the private and public sectors, since as already noted, in matters beaurocratic, such distinctions are becoming effectively meaningless.”