208 reviews for:

The Iron Heel

Jack London

3.53 AVERAGE


Εκδοθέν πρώτη φορά το 1908 (όταν ο «Θαυμαστός καινούργιος κόσμος» του Χάξλει δεν ήταν ούτε καν λάμψη στο μάτι του συγγραφέα, ενώ το 1984 του Όργουελ άργησε άλλα 15 χρόνια) αν δεν απατώμαι, το «Η σιδερένια φτέρνα» του πολύ και μάτσο Τζακ Λόντον αποτελεί πρώιμο δείγμα αριστουργηματικής δυστοπίας και, ακόμη περισσότερο, μπορεί να κομπάζει ότι το κάνει με γυναίκα πρωταγωνίστρια.

Κύριο θέμα είναι η αντίσταση σε καπιταλιστικές ολιγαρχίες και ληστρικές «συμμορίες με γραβάτα» που θα λέγαμε σήμερα, εμφορείται αναπόφευκτα από επαναστατική σοσιαλιστική διαλεκτική, σε σημείο που θυμίζει μανιφέστο, ή έστω «θέσεις». Η επιρροή που άσκησε στο μελλοντικό κίνημα της δυστοπίας είναι αναμφισβήτητη αν και ίσως όχι τόσο εμφανής ή προβεβλημένη, καθώς στο συλλογικό συνειδητό κυριαρχεί ο νατουραλισμός που διαποτίζει μέρος του έργου του που έγινε ευρύτερα γνωστό και αγαπητό (κυνοειδή με άσπρα δόντια, κ.λπ.).

Γραμμένο με το «τέχνασμα των «χειρόγραφων που βρέθηκαν» (και όχι σε μπανιέρα, όπως του επίσης υπέροχου Στάνισλαβ Λεμ) ξεκινά με «πρόλογο» του 27ου αιώνα κάποιου Άντινι Μέρεντιθ και στη συνέχεια περνά στα των πραγματικών κεντρικών χαρακτήρων των οποίων την γραφή διαβάζουμε, κάτι που δημιουργεί συνειρμούς σχετικά με την αντικειμενικότητα του χειρογράφου Έβερχαρντ (το οποίο γράφεται σε πρώτο πρόσωπο και στον απόηχο του θανάτου του σοσιαλιστή, ακτιβιστή και επαναστάτη, από τη σύζυγό του).

Τη γνωριμία των Έρνεστ και (αρχικά Κάνιγκχαμ και μετέπειτα) Άβις Έβερχαρντ ακολουθεί η σύμπνοια απόψεων, ενώ στη συνέχεια ο πατέρας της Άβις και ο Επίσκοπος Μορχάουζ εντάσσονται στην ομάδα των υποστηρικτών του επαναστάτη.

Καθώς η αγορά χειραγωγείται και η εξουσία ασκείται από καρτέλ τραπεζών, βιομηχάνων με τη βοήθεια πολιτικών, η διαφαινόμενη επανάσταση φαίνεται ότι μπορεί να συντριβεί πριν καν εκδηλωθεί. Η βία της καταστολής, αλλά και η έμμεση βία της «διάγνωσης παραφροσύνης» με συνεπαγόμενο εγκλεισμό σε άσυλο δείχνουν το σχήμα των πραγμάτων που, δεν θαέρθουν, είναι ήδη εκεί. Η σιδερένια φτέρνα (τακούνι;) που θα τσακίσει το εργατικό κίνημα, τις δίκαιες διεκδικήσεις, την αξιοπρέπεια και την ύπαρξη της εργατικής τάξης…

Σχεδόν (γιατί το "δίνει" ο πρόλογος) σπόιλερ: Το βιβλίο ολοκληρώνεται με σχέδια για την επανακινητοποίηση της επανάστασης μετά από τις πλήγματα που έχει δεχτεί, ωστόσο το χειρόγραφο ολοκληρώνεται πριν καταστούν σαφή τα σχέδια αυτά καθώς «η Άβις επρόκειτο να συλληφθεί και τα έκρυψε πριν διαφύγει, χωρίς να τα ολοκληρώσει».

Η μαρξιστική/σοσιαλιστική θεώρηση του κόσμου, εύκολα αποθαρρύνει το αμερικάνικο κοινό στο οποίο αρχικά απευθύνεται ο συγγραφέας, αλλά, αυτό συνηγορεί υπέρ ενός ανθρώπου που έγραψε με σοσιαλιστικό πρόσημο στην μεγαλύτερη καπιταλιστική οικονομία, όσο κι αν εκνευρίζει το μέσο μασητή τσίχλας οπαδό του αμερικάνικου ονείρου ένα κήρυγμα για μια πολιτεία με ανθρώπινο πρόσωπο και σοσιαλιστική διάρθρωση. Δεν πειράζει, το έργο θα αποδειχθεί μακροβιότερο από αυτούς. Ίσως και από τις τσίχλες τους.
dark informative reflective slow-paced
Plot or Character Driven: A mix
Strong character development: No
Loveable characters: Yes
Diverse cast of characters: No
Flaws of characters a main focus: No

What if you were handed a pamphlet by a socialist political protester, but instead of a bullet point list of the ways in capitalism is a scourge on both society and average wage worker, those bullet points were transformed in to a very bare bones novella where characters serve for the to speak the bullet point at you. Perhaps one of the most didactic novels I've ever read, it serves as a display of London's personal view on the political system that he saw progressing in to the future. A warning against a capitalist oligarchy that crushes all labor unions and makes the rich even richer off their backs.

Whether or not you agree with the socialist values that are outlined by the characters, what makes The Iron Heel such an undying work is that it pretty accurately described the late stage capitalism that we are now experiencing in 2025. I think your enjoyment of the work hinge largely on your sympathy these socialist values, because if you don't there's really no redeeming quality to most of the exposition. In a way it's similar to Ayn Rand's work in that way, though it's my opinion that London more accurately describes current conditions and the threats that face us.

Creatively, yes, it isn't the most inventive work ever. Too much of the prose is caught up with serving as an agitprop, but there were a few highlights I thought worthy of mention. The framing device, that of a lost diary that is annotated by a publisher from a future socialist utopia, provides at least something to bite on to. Reminded me a lot of the similar device used in City, where it wasn't really necessary, but did add some amount of flavor that I ended up appreciating. Second, London's writing is solid throughout the novel, but he really starts to flex his muscles towards the end of the book when he described a failed revolution attempt in Chicago, and it's a brutal, bloody, and crushing vision that he sees. London's language here is really strong, and I wished there had been more of style included. Really, these creative flashes are glimpses at a much better novel that London never made, something perhaps more closely akin to 1984.

Nevertheless, The Iron Heel is important if for nothing else than as a proto-dytopia that was used by subsequent and superior works, and perhaps without it those works wouldn't exist in the way they do now. 
dark reflective tense medium-paced
Plot or Character Driven: Character
Strong character development: No
Loveable characters: No
Diverse cast of characters: Complicated
Flaws of characters a main focus: Complicated

I didn't enjoy this as much as I thought I was going to. Alternate, speculative history involving workers' uprisings against the American oligarchic class? Count me in! Sadly, and after about 50 pages of speeches and conversations at Socialist dinner parties, I thought, At some point the story has to get rolling! I was mistaken. After about 125 pages, I thought the same thing and was again mistaken. It never really feels like the plot takes off and suddenly the book ends and you're dissatisfied. This could have been so much better if it was more focused on the workers and their strikes. It kind of just felt like fawning over Earnest himself while Earnest does his best Marx.
challenging dark reflective tense medium-paced
Plot or Character Driven: Plot
Strong character development: Yes
challenging inspiring reflective sad medium-paced
dark informative tense slow-paced
Plot or Character Driven: Plot
Strong character development: Complicated
Loveable characters: No
Diverse cast of characters: No
Flaws of characters a main focus: Yes

The first 150 pages of the book consisted of Everhard having conversations with people that were deeply embedded in American capitalism. Now if I wanted to read something like that I would be content, however I thought I was going to read a book with a  honest to God, plot so I was disappointed. The second half the book is more plot driven however just as boring, and so I had to listen to a audiobook for three hours (which I ultimately sped up because I couldn’t even even take the audiobook) just to technically finish the book. Would not recommend.

The first section of the book is genuinely great, even if the situations are a bit contrived. Kind of reminds me of a socialist's version of Plato's dialogues, where you get to see Ernest Everhard go up against all kinds of different political tendencies. Then there's the prediction of fascism that everyone praises this book for, which is admittedly pretty remarkable. But after that the novel seems to lose all social commentary and turns into a sort of revolutionary spy-adventure novel. Found it difficult to enjoy the last few chapters, and found the ending especially disappointing, but for the first half or two thirds, this book it still well worth reading.

An interesting dystopian alternate history. True, there was a lot of Marxist rhetoric in the first half that some readers might find distasteful. I was okay with it because I haven't read Das Kapital and it was a much quicker way of getting some of the ideas across. What was most interesting to me was the way London envisioned society polarizing even more than it actually did- particularly his conception of the Oligarchy as a group dedicated to keeping the poor man down out of pure malice. I also enjoyed the footnotes, amusingly explaining 19th and 20th century culture to an audience seven centuries after the events in the book. Finally, I was thrilled to read a book from that era where great and important things begin on the west coast instead of in the eastern US.
challenging dark reflective slow-paced
Plot or Character Driven: Plot
Strong character development: No
Loveable characters: No
Diverse cast of characters: Yes
Flaws of characters a main focus: No
dark tense medium-paced
Plot or Character Driven: A mix
Strong character development: Complicated
Loveable characters: Yes
Diverse cast of characters: No
Flaws of characters a main focus: No

One of the earlier dystopian novels is an interesting mix. It starts as a political pamphlet but ends in bloody mayhem.

The story is about Ernest Everhard told by his his Avis Everhard and commented on  by Anthony Meredith some 700 hundred years later, using footnotes. This layering makes the novel slightly different from other dystopian novels, though The Handmaid's Tale does something similar at the end of the book.

The plot is quite simple and the most interesting bit I found was a future prospect by a socialist on an oligarchy. 

The state has not been fleshed out, so the book mainly sticks to the simple idea that society is run by rich oligarchs. Topical, yes, but less interesting  than you might think.