No recomendaría este libro a quien no esté familiarizado con la dimensión histórica y política del conflicto palestino-israelí, dado que el asunto es espinoso y puede atragantarse y/o malinterpretarse a palo seco. Ciertas lecturas previas son necesarias ("Palestina", de Rashid Khadili, por ejemplo), así como una posición de sine ira et studio.

Dicho esto, y dando por sentado que quién se embarca en estas lecturas busca una comprensión que evite la superfluidad, este ensayo de tintes periodísticos, comprometido con la causa palestina y con la crítica rotunda al "terrorismo de estado" de Sharon y Netanyahu (entre otros), es una herramienta de primer orden para entender un poquito mejor lo que ocurre en oriente medio. No en vano es, hasta la fecha, la única exposición de Hamas situando su lógica interna, sus paradojas, contradicciones y desarrollo político dentro de la lógica de resistencia a la "invasión" israelí.

Si bien Tareq Baconi acaso blanquea ciertos aspectos de Hamás e intenta situarse en una perspectiva benigna y benevolente (en ocasiones es evidente ese sesgo), quizás sea el único modo de poder presentar, con matices y contexto, el porqué de Hamás, su sentido y su dialéctica triple con la Autoridad Palestina, el mundo árabe y el estado judío. De paso, el autor aprovecha para denunciar la injusticia histórica de la Palestina histórica, la aquiescencia de EEUU, la tibieza de los políticos (de la órbita islámica), el embrollo terrorista y, también, el autoritarismo y las acciones violentas innecesarias de Hamas.

Lo que Baconi consigue, pese a que no se tenga que estar de acuerdo con sus favoritismos, es hacer ver cuan necesario es contextualizar a Hamas para no caer en etiquetas simplistas (terrorismo, islamismo radical, violencia malévola, brutalidad...) y, de este modo, que no se obscurezcan los crímenes cometidos por los principales causantes del sufrimiento palestino (y del de los civiles de ambos bandos). No olvidemos que Hamas ganó elecciones democráticas y que, en variadas ocasiones, se comprometió una pacificación siempre y cuando Israel aceptara la liberación de Palestina. Así, además de ofrecer todo un análisis cronológico de los acontecimientos (bien justificado bibliográficamente), el ensayo permite que sea el lector, al que se supone ya avezado en el tema, quien saque sus propias conclusiones (que quedan abiertas hasta cierto punto).

Sin duda el movimiento de Hamás no podrá ser aceptado como una solución ni como un ejemplo a seguir, al contrario de lo que pudo ser, con sus fisuras, el movimiento de la "no-violencia" de Ghandi. Sus confusiones entre judaísmo y sionismo, su compromiso total de expulsión de todo israelí, su ideología nacionalista pero teñida de islamismo (si bien alejada de Al-Qaeda, el salafismo o la sharia), su deriva autoritaria o sus salvajismos (indistinguibles en ocasiones de los Israelíes) no nos permiten un aplauso. De lo que se trata es de comprender que, para un porcentaje muy amplio del pueblo palestino, Hamas parece ser la única respuesta posible una vez que las vías diplomáticas, ONU mediante, nunca han prosperado (véase lo que le ocurrió al malogrado Arafat). Y eso basta para hacernos pensar en que el meollo del problema está en otros lugares y fechas (1917, 1924, 1948, 1967...) y que Hamas puede ser más bien un doloroso síntoma pasajero que no nos debe hacer olvidar el núcleo de la enfermedad.
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Hamas contained: a look at how Hamas has been politically and geographically contained directly by Israel and their supporters and indirectly through lack of support and withdrawal of support from various countries in the Middle East.

"HAMAS, the Arabic acronym for Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya (Islamic Resistance Movement), also meaning 'zeal'".

The book covers the context leading up to Hamas's creation in 1987 until 2017.
I really recommend this interview with the author that discusses the context since 2017 to 2024 by The Dig:
https://open.spotify.com/episode/0sbYynqzE5fzEAPzACdV9p?si=eL1FNIzKSGOGJ2Zn_mEwbQ&context=spotify%3Aplaylist%3A37i9dQZF1FgnTBfUlzkeKt

I really recommend this book as a starting point for education in the Middle East and the current violent settler colonialist project happening in Palestine. I have so many quotations I could share but overall my takeaways are that the history of the formation of Hamas and groups like it stem in self defense and a rejection of colonization through armed resistance. It is also stunning the way Palestine has been treated when it is an occupied country trying to defend itself from a violeng occupier.The international community consistently failed to capitalize on Palestine's (through the PLO and later Hamas) willingness to negotiate and pleas to have its basic sovereignty recognized.

The author also shows how Hamas is not a singular or blameless party in this war but how the decisions they've made have been more a result of a commitment to liberation that the international community has never supported.

A brief timeline the author talks about throughout the book:

WWI: Palestine is conquered by the British from the Ottoman Empire
1922: Palestine made into a British Mandate under supervision of the Leage of Nations (UN predecessor created to maintain peace after WW1). This meant Britain had the responsibility to guide Palestine toward independence.
Early 1900s: Britain makes commitments to the Zionist movement seeking to establish a Jewish homeland in historic Palestine
1947: "the UN General Assembly issued a 'Partition Plan' calling for the partition of Palestine into an Arab state and a Jewish state and setting a deadline for the termination of the British Mandate. The proposed partition allocated 56% of Palestine to the Jewish community, which formed about one-third of the population at the time."

***"Given the power disparity with Israel, it became clear even as early as the 1970s that liberation through armed struggle was unlikely. Nonetheless, the Palestinian Liberation Organization's revolution persisted as a means of asserting Palestinian identity, developing political legitimacy, and broadcasting the Palestinian plight globally. For an American administration in the midst of the Cold War, and its view that the Palestinians were allied with the USSR, the PLO's actions were branded as international terrorism and all forms of diplomatic engagement with the group were banned."

In other words, the political reality that makes Gaza "a hostile entity" extends beyond that strip of land and animates the Palestinian struggle in its entirety. Gaza is one microcosm, one parcel, of the Palestinian experience. Instead of addressing this reality or engaging with Hamas's political drivers, Israel has adopted a military approach that defines Hamas solely as a terrorist organization. This depoliticizes and decontextualizes the movement, giving credence to the persistent "politicide" of Palestinian nationalism, Israel's process of erasing the political ideology animating the Palestinian struggle for self-determination. This approach has allowed successive Israeli governments to avoid taking a position on the demands that have been upheld by Palestinians since before the creation of the State of Israel.
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Baconi shares the history of Israel and Palestine conflicts without ignoring Israeli escalation. This book provides a factual based overview behind the decades of relationships of modern day Hamas and Israel’s strategies for opposing Palestinian independence. While writing objectively, Baconi is able to identify distinctions between Hamas and global Salafi jihadist understanding Hamas as an independent Palestinian anti-colonial armed resistance.

A little academic and perhaps tough to get through if that's not your style, but very worth reading if you are seriously interested in the topic.
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There's a number of arguments advanced in this book that I'm still parsing, but outside of the current context, I think it's particularly interesting to read alongside the recent NYT interviews of Taliban officials and women's rights (Oct 2024), with reflections on the internal hardline/moderate political heterogeneity of non-state actors. This is not to say Hamas is not guilty of the crimes they commit (and Baconi posits a number of critiques), but rather that focusing analysis solely on that tends to miss other salient points, such as the larger context in which Hamas was created and operates. I'd say that Baconi's definitely in the vein of academics who are trying to move past the idea of 'terrorism' because of the definition's many problems.